CVE-2026-45944

iommu/vt-d: Clear Present bit before tearing down context entry

HIGH
7.5
CVSS Score
Published: May 27, 2026 at 12:18 PM UTC
Updated: October 21, 2026 at 01:19 PM UTC
1 product affected across 1 vendorLinux Kernel

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Severity
HIGH7.5
Exploit prediction
EPSS 0.1%
SSVC
No known exploit

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/vt-d: Clear Present bit before tearing down context entry When tearing down a context entry, the current implementation zeros the entire 128-bit entry using multiple 64-bit writes. This creates a window where the hardware can fetch a "torn" entry — where some fields are already zeroed while the 'Present' bit is still set — leading to unpredictable behavior or spurious faults. While x86 provides strong write ordering, the compiler may reorder writes to the two 64-bit halves of the context entry. Even without compiler reordering, the hardware fetch is not guaranteed to be atomic with respect to multiple CPU writes. Align with the "Guidance to Software for Invalidations" in the VT-d spec (Section 6.5.3.3) by implementing the recommended ownership handshake: 1. Clear only the 'Present' (P) bit of the context entry first to signal the transition of ownership from hardware to software. 2. Use dma_wmb() to ensure the cleared bit is visible to the IOMMU. 3. Perform the required cache and context-cache invalidation to ensure hardware no longer has cached references to the entry. 4. Fully zero out the entry only after the invalidation is complete. Also, add a dma_wmb() to context_set_present() to ensure the entry is fully initialized before the 'Present' bit becomes visible.

Affected

Our own answer: ranges merged, affected separated from platform-only, with confidence and review flags.

2.6.24 ≤ v < 6.18.146.19 ≤ v < 6.19.42.6.24ba39592764ed20cee09aae5352e603a27bf56b0d
Vendor states this is fixed in a922dbafb4a674d958d702038232d09a30daf770 (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in c1e4f1dccbe9d7656d1c6872ebeadb5992d0aaa2 (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in c716a59e9977d751e5eb54bcfa6a80124cb5067b (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in d2138abc8f0a7fce4101b7229b43b06811ed083d (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in 2.6.24 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 6.12.97 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 6.18.14 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 6.19.4 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 6.6.160 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 7.0 (unaffected)

SSVC — Action Prioritization

SSVCNo known exploitNot automatableTotal impact

SSVC signals action urgency (what to patch first), separate from CVSS which measures severity.

CVSS

7.5HIGHLinux
Vector?

Quick Info

StatusMODIFIED
CWE
NVD-CWE-noinfoCWE-362

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