CVE-2026-18040

HQC leaks private key information through secret-indexed GF(2^8) tables and a secret-dependent fixed-weight sampler

MEDIUM
5.9
CVSS Score
Published: October 3, 2026 at 08:55 AM UTC
Updated: October 6, 2026 at 02:49 PM UTC
1 product affected across 1 vendorBC Java

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Severity
MEDIUM5.9
Exploit prediction
EPSS 0.1%
SSVC
No known exploit

Description

In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.86, HQC leaked secret-derived data through two side channels: its GF(2^8) arithmetic used lookup tables indexed by field elements, making the cache line touched a function of the operand, and its fixed-weight support sampler left its duplicate scan as soon as a collision was found and stored accepted positions at a secret index. Both run on secret inputs during encapsulation and decapsulation, and the sampler re-expands the secret key from its seed on every decapsulation, so an attacker able to observe cache behaviour or decapsulation timing can recover information about the HQC private key. The field arithmetic is now table-free and the sampler branch-free within a batch of candidates, with output and randomness consumption unchanged.

Affected

Our own answer: ranges merged, affected separated from platform-only, with confidence and review flags.

1.73 ≤ v < 1.861.73
Affected range stops below 1.86, so it looks safe — our inference, not a vendor statement

Remediation

No guide yet

No remediation guidance has been written for this CVE yet. What the record does show:

SSVC — Action Prioritization

SSVCNo known exploitNot automatablePartial impact

SSVC signals action urgency (what to patch first), separate from CVSS which measures severity.

CVSS

5.9MEDIUMbcorg
Vector?

Quick Info

StatusAWAITING ANALYSIS
CWE
CWE-208

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