CVE-2025-48936

ZITADEL Allows Account Takeover via Malicious X-Forwarded-Proto Header Injection

HIGH
8.8
CVSS Score
Published: May 30, 2025 at 06:30 AM UTC
Updated: June 17, 2026 at 09:30 AM UTC
1 product affected across 1 vendorZitadel

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Severity
HIGH8.8
Exploit prediction
EPSS 0.4%
SSVC
No known exploit

Description

Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Prior to versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2, a potential vulnerability exists in the password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to construct the URL for the password reset confirmation link. This link, containing a secret code, is then emailed to the user. If an attacker can manipulate these headers (e.g., via host header injection), they could cause ZITADEL to generate a password reset link pointing to a malicious domain controlled by the attacker. If the user clicks this manipulated link in the email, the secret reset code embedded in the URL can be captured by the attacker. This captured code could then be used to reset the user's password and gain unauthorized access to their account. This specific attack vector is mitigated for accounts that have Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or Passwordless authentication enabled. This issue has been patched in versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2.

Affected

Our own answer: ranges merged, affected separated from platform-only, with confidence and review flags.

v ≤ 2.71.10v < 2.70.12v < 3.2.22.0.0 ≤ v < 2.70.122.71.0 ≤ v < 2.71.113.0.0 ≤ v < 3.2.2
Affected range stops below 2.70.12, so it looks safe — our inference, not a vendor statement
Affected range stops below 2.71.11, so it looks safe — our inference, not a vendor statement
Affected range stops below 3.2.2, so it looks safe — our inference, not a vendor statement

Remediation

No guide yet

No remediation guidance has been written for this CVE yet. What the record does show:

SSVC — Action Prioritization

SSVCNo known exploitNot automatableTotal impact

SSVC signals action urgency (what to patch first), separate from CVSS which measures severity.

CVSS

Attack Vector
NETWORK
Complexity
LOW
Privileges
NONE
User Interaction
REQUIRED
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality
HIGH
Integrity
HIGH
Availability
HIGH
Vector?

Quick Info

StatusANALYZED
CWE
CWE-601CWE-77

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