CVE-2025-40215

xfrm: delete x->tunnel as we delete x

HIGH
7.8
CVSS Score
Published: December 4, 2025 at 12:38 PM UTC
Updated: October 19, 2026 at 09:10 PM UTC
1 product affected across 1 vendorLinux Kernel

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Severity
HIGH7.8
Exploit prediction
EPSS 0.1%
SSVC
No known exploit

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: delete x->tunnel as we delete x The ipcomp fallback tunnels currently get deleted (from the various lists and hashtables) as the last user state that needed that fallback is destroyed (not deleted). If a reference to that user state still exists, the fallback state will remain on the hashtables/lists, triggering the WARN in xfrm_state_fini. Because of those remaining references, the fix in commit f75a2804da39 ("xfrm: destroy xfrm_state synchronously on net exit path") is not complete. We recently fixed one such situation in TCP due to defered freeing of skbs (commit 9b6412e6979f ("tcp: drop secpath at the same time as we currently drop dst")). This can also happen due to IP reassembly: skbs with a secpath remain on the reassembly queue until netns destruction. If we can't guarantee that the queues are flushed by the time xfrm_state_fini runs, there may still be references to a (user) xfrm_state, preventing the timely deletion of the corresponding fallback state. Instead of chasing each instance of skbs holding a secpath one by one, this patch fixes the issue directly within xfrm, by deleting the fallback state as soon as the last user state depending on it has been deleted. Destruction will still happen when the final reference is dropped. A separate lockdep class for the fallback state is required since we're going to lock x->tunnel while x is locked.

Affected

Our own answer: ranges merged, affected separated from platform-only, with confidence and review flags.

2.6.299d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab
Vendor states this is fixed in 0da961fa46da1b37ef868d9b603bd202136f8f8e (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in 1b28a7fae0128fa140a7dccd995182ff6cd1c67b (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in 4b2c17d0f9be8b58bb30468bc81a4b61c985b04e (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in b441cf3f8c4b8576639d20c8eb4aa32917602ecd (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in d0e0d1097118461463b76562c7ebaabaa5b90b13 (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in dc3636912d41770466543623cb76e7b88fdb42c7 (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in 2.6.29 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 5.10.248 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 5.15.198 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 6.1.160 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 6.12.62 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 6.16 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 6.6.120 (unaffected)

Remediation

No guide yet

No remediation guidance has been written for this CVE yet, and no fixed version or vendor advisory is recorded against it.

SSVC — Action Prioritization

SSVCNo known exploitNot automatablePartial impact

SSVC signals action urgency (what to patch first), separate from CVSS which measures severity.

CVSS

7.8HIGHLinux
Vector?

Quick Info

StatusDEFERRED

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