CVE-2025-38721

netfilter: ctnetlink: fix refcount leak on table dump

MEDIUM
5.5
CVSS Score
Published: September 4, 2025 at 03:33 PM UTC
Updated: October 19, 2026 at 09:10 PM UTC
6 products affected across 3 vendorsLinux KernelDebian LinuxSIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 Pn /dp MFP Firmware

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Severity
MEDIUM5.5
Exploit prediction
EPSS 0.2%

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: ctnetlink: fix refcount leak on table dump There is a reference count leak in ctnetlink_dump_table(): if (res < 0) { nf_conntrack_get(&ct->ct_general); // HERE cb->args[1] = (unsigned long)ct; ... While its very unlikely, its possible that ct == last. If this happens, then the refcount of ct was already incremented. This 2nd increment is never undone. This prevents the conntrack object from being released, which in turn keeps prevents cnet->count from dropping back to 0. This will then block the netns dismantle (or conntrack rmmod) as nf_conntrack_cleanup_net_list() will wait forever. This can be reproduced by running conntrack_resize.sh selftest in a loop. It takes ~20 minutes for me on a preemptible kernel on average before I see a runaway kworker spinning in nf_conntrack_cleanup_net_list. One fix would to change this to: if (res < 0) { if (ct != last) nf_conntrack_get(&ct->ct_general); But this reference counting isn't needed in the first place. We can just store a cookie value instead. A followup patch will do the same for ctnetlink_exp_dump_table, it looks to me as if this has the same problem and like ctnetlink_dump_table, we only need a 'skip hint', not the actual object so we can apply the same cookie strategy there as well.

Affected

Our own answer: ranges merged, affected separated from platform-only, with confidence and review flags.

2.6.19 ≤ v < 5.4.2975.11 ≤ v < 5.15.1905.16 ≤ v < 6.1.1495.5 ≤ v < 5.10.2416.13 ≤ v < 6.15.116.16 ≤ v < 6.16.26.2 ≤ v < 6.6.1036.7 ≤ v < 6.12.432.6.182.6.18 rc52.6.18 rc62.6.18 rc76.176.17 rc1d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4
Vendor states this is fixed in 19b909a4b1452fb97e477d2f08b97f8d04095619 (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in 30cf811058552b8cd0e98dff677ef3f89d6d34ce (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in 41462f4cfc583513833f87f9ee55d12da651a7e3 (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in 586892e341fbf698e7cbaca293e1353957db725a (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in 962518c6ca9f9a13df099cafa429f72f68ad61f0 (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in a2cb4df7872de069f809de2f076ec8e54d649fe3 (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in a62d6aa3f31f216b637a4c71b7a8bfc7c57f049b (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in de788b2e6227462b6dcd0e07474e72c089008f74 (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in e14f72aa66c029db106921d621edcedef68e065b (fixed)
Vendor states this is fixed in 2.6.18 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 5.10.241 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 5.15.190 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 5.4.297 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 6.1.149 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 6.12.43 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 6.15.11 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 6.16.2 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 6.17 (unaffected)
Vendor states this is fixed in 6.6.103 (unaffected)
v < V5.0
Affected range stops below V5.0, so it looks safe — our inference, not a vendor statement

References (15)

Patch
Source: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19b909a4b1452fb97e477d2f08b97f8d04095619
Patch
Source: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/30cf811058552b8cd0e98dff677ef3f89d6d34ce
Patch
Source: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/41462f4cfc583513833f87f9ee55d12da651a7e3
Patch
Source: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/586892e341fbf698e7cbaca293e1353957db725a
Patch
Source: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/962518c6ca9f9a13df099cafa429f72f68ad61f0
Patch
Source: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2cb4df7872de069f809de2f076ec8e54d649fe3
Patch
Source: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a62d6aa3f31f216b637a4c71b7a8bfc7c57f049b
Patch
Source: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de788b2e6227462b6dcd0e07474e72c089008f74

CVSS

Attack Vector
LOCAL
Complexity
LOW
Privileges
LOW
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality
NONE
Integrity
NONE
Availability
HIGH
Vector?

Quick Info

StatusMODIFIED
CWE
NVD-CWE-Other

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