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CVE-2025-12044

Vault Vulnerable to Denial of Service Due to Rate Limit Regression

HIGH
7.5
CVSS Score
Published: October 23, 2025 at 07:15 PM UTC
Updated: October 18, 2026 at 09:10 PM UTC
1 product affected across 1 vendorVault

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Severity
HIGH7.5
Exploit prediction
EPSS 0.5%
SSVC
No known exploit

Description

Vault and Vault Enterprise (“Vault”) are vulnerable to an unauthenticated denial of service when processing JSON payloads. This occurs due to a regression from a previous fix for [+HCSEC-2025-24+|https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-24-vault-denial-of-service-though-complex-json-payloads/76393]  which allowed for processing JSON payloads before applying rate limits. This vulnerability, CVE-2025-12044, is fixed in Vault Community Edition 1.21.0 and Vault Enterprise 1.16.27, 1.19.11, 1.20.5, and 1.21.0.

Affected

Our own answer: ranges merged, affected separated from platform-only, with confidence and review flags.

Vault· Hashicorp
95%
1.16.25 ≤ v < 1.16.271.18.14 ≤ v ≤ 1.18.151.19.9 ≤ v ≤ 1.19.111.20.3 ≤ v < 1.20.51.20.3 ≤ v < 1.21.01.16.251.18.141.19.91.20.3
Affected range stops below 1.16.27, so it looks safe — our inference, not a vendor statement
Affected range stops below 1.18.15, so it looks safe — our inference, not a vendor statement
Affected range stops below 1.19.11, so it looks safe — our inference, not a vendor statement
Affected range stops below 1.21.0, so it looks safe — our inference, not a vendor statement

Remediation

No guide yet

No remediation guidance has been written for this CVE yet. What the record does show:

Patch and advisory references

References (1)

Vendor Advisory
Source: cverecord
https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-31-vault-vulnerable-to-denial-of-service-due-to-rate-limit-regression/76710

SSVC — Action Prioritization

SSVCNo known exploitAutomatablePartial impact

SSVC signals action urgency (what to patch first), separate from CVSS which measures severity.

CVSS

7.5HIGHHashiCorp
Vector?

Quick Info

StatusANALYZED
CWE
CWE-770

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