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CVE-2023-41991

MEDIUM
5.5
CVSS Score
Published: September 21, 2023 at 06:23 PM UTC
Updated: June 17, 2026 at 06:23 AM UTC
3 products affected across 1 vendormacOSiPhone OSiPadOS

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Severity
MEDIUM5.5
Exploitation
CISA KEV
Exploit prediction
EPSS 13%
SSVC
Active

Actively Exploited

CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) Catalog

EPSS Score13.4%

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) estimates a 13.4% chance this CVE is exploited in the wild within the next 30 days — higher than 96% of all CVEs. It complements CVSS: a high EPSS on a mid-severity CVE can still be urgent.

Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and watchOS contain an improper certificate validation vulnerability that can allow a malicious app to bypass signature validation.

Required Action
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
Ransomware Use
Unknown
Added to KEV
Sep 25, 2023
Remediation Due
Oct 16, 2023
1112 days overdue
Notes
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213926, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213928, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213929, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213931
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41991

Description

A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.

Affected

Our own answer: ranges merged, affected separated from platform-only, with confidence and review flags.

iPadOS· Apple
95%
v < 16.717.0
Affected range stops below 16.7, so it looks safe — our inference, not a vendor statement
iPhone OS· Apple
95%
v < 16.717.0
Affected range stops below 16.7, so it looks safe — our inference, not a vendor statement
macOS· Apple
95%
v < 13.613.0 ≤ v < 13.6
Affected range stops below 13.6, so it looks safe — our inference, not a vendor statement

Remediation

No guide yet

No remediation guidance has been written for this CVE yet. What the record does show:

Patch and advisory references

References (5)

Vendor Advisory
Source: [email protected]
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927
Vendor Advisory
Source: [email protected]
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213931
Vendor Advisory
Source: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213927
Vendor Advisory
Source: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213931
US Government Resource
Source: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-41991

SSVC — Action Prioritization

SSVCActiveNot automatablePartial impact

SSVC signals action urgency (what to patch first), separate from CVSS which measures severity.

CVSS

5.5MEDIUMCISA-ADP
Attack Vector
LOCAL
Complexity
LOW
Privileges
NONE
User Interaction
REQUIRED
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality
NONE
Integrity
HIGH
Availability
NONE
Vector?

Quick Info

StatusANALYZED
CWE
CWE-295

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